To study the electrochemical interface, a number of methods are used. Primarily, the use of electrochemical techniques like voltammetry, capacitance and EIS are typical. These methods allow an initial evaluation of the interface. Further studies require other tools, typically in-situ spectroscopies coupled with electrochemical methods. Much time is spent on creating spectroelectrochemical methods to interrogate the interface when in electrolyte. Therefore instrumentation is an important part of the development and study of the electrochemical interface.
These are further detailed below:
- Electrochemical instruments
- Spectroelectrochemical setups
- in-situ fluorescence microscopy
- FTIR microscope
- AFM